philosophical fiction
- existential: Simone de Beauvoir, Jean-Paul Sartre, and Fyodor Dostoyevsky
- objectivism: Ayn Rand,
- virtue of selfishness
- Albert Camus, Friedrich Nietzsche, Robert Pirsig's Metaphysics of Quality
- Bildungsroman is a literary genre that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of the protagonist from youth to adulthood (coming of age)